Climate scientist studying the future of global vegetation

The future of global vegetation is shaped by climate change, rising CO₂ levels, and human activity. Scientists predict:

1. Shifting Vegetation: Some areas will "green" due to CO₂ fertilization, while others will "brown" from droughts and warming. Forests may shrink in colder regions, while savannahs could replace rainforests like the Amazon.
2. Changing Seasons: Plants are blooming earlier as temperatures rise, which could disrupt ecosystems by misaligning plant-pollinator interactions.
3. Climate Feedback Loops: Vegetation changes can worsen climate effects, such as altering water cycles or reducing soil moisture.
4. Biodiversity Risks: Ecosystems like tundra and rainforests face threats, potentially leading to species loss and irreversible changes.
5. Ecosystem Services: Shifts in vegetation will impact carbon storage, water regulation, and food production.

While some regions may see temporary growth benefits, the overall outlook warns of major risks to ecosystems and biodiversity.