Brazil — Roots of Resistance

After Pedro Álvares Cabral’s 1500 landfall, Indigenous people faced disease and violence, while enslaved Africans endured centuries of forced labor on plantations. In 2025, structural racism and land conflicts persist. Yet Afro-Brazilian religions, Indigenous activism, samba, capoeira, and grassroots social movements demonstrate extraordinary endurance and creativity that keep cultural memory alive while fighting for justice.